Table 2 Seed and pollen dispersal parameters (± standard error) of different populations of C. edulis estimated using the neighbourhood model implemented in NMπ

Density of adults per ha (DBH ≥ 10.6 cm)

1.62

1.76

1.76

2.94

Selfing rate (s)

0 ± 0.004

0.02 ± 0.01

0.30 ± 0.05

0 ± 0.01

Pollen immigration rate (mp)

0.59 ± 0.05

0.33 ± 0.05

0.17 ± 0.04

0.71 ± 0.08

Mean kernel pollen dispersal distance (dp)

173 m [141–223]^a

211 m [151–348]^a

65 m [48–97]^a

358 m [156 - ∞]^a

Shape of pollen dispersal kernel (bp)

1.68 ± 0.48

0.79 ± 0.18

-

0.5 ± 0.1

Pollen dispersal anisotropy (kp)

0.31 ± 0.34

1.04 ± 0.33

-

Pollen dispersal prevailing direction (ap)

0.86 ± 0.15

0.13 ± 0.05

-

Seed immigration rate (ms)

0.15 ± 0.03

0.07 ± 0.03

0.2 ± 0.01

0.28 ± 0.07

Mean kernel seed dispersal distance (ds)

105 m [86–140]^a

131 m [99–197]^a

-

219 m [134–599]^a

Shape of seed dispersal kernel (bs)

0.8 ± 0.16

0.73 ± 0.14

-

0.5 ± 0.1

Seed dispersal anisotropy (ks)

0.30 ± 0.16

0.9 ± 0.19

-

Seed dispersal prevailing direction (as)

0.41 ± 0.09

0.57 ± 0.03

-

Effect of DBH on female fitness (g)

0.83 ± 0.10

0.41 ± 0.10

-

0.57 ± 0.15

Effect of DBH on male fitness (b)

0.59 ± 0.17

0.61 ± 0.15

-

0.39 ± 0.34