Fig. 1

Phylogenetic tree of 42 species constructed using the maximum likelihood (ML) method. The ends of the evolutionary branches denote the abbreviated Latin names of the 42 species. The branches highlighted in yellow represent the lineages of semi-aquatic species, with the corresponding animal illustrations indicating the semi-aquatic species investigated in this study, while the other branches represent terrestrial species. The varying background colors of the evolutionary branches indicate the different families to which the species belong. The outermost arcs of different colors represent the different orders to which the species belong. The full names corresponding to the abbreviated Latin names of the species, as well as the details of the families and orders to which they belong, can be found in Table 1