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Table 1 Results from the mixed models on the effect of age on sperm traits. All the variables were fitted with a binomial distribution, with the exception of sperm velocity that was fitted with a gaussian distribution

From: Age-dependent decline in sperm quality and function in a naturally short-lived vertebrate

Trait

Estimates ± SE

χ 2

p

Hedges’ g (95% CIs)

Number of males

Sperm viability

0.48 ± 0.15

10.991

< 0.001

0.99 (0.33, 1.65)

n = 18 adult, n = 23 old

Sperm DNA integrity

0.31 ± 0.07

21.454

< 0.001

1.77 (0.70, 2.84)

n = 9 adult, n = 11 old

Sperm motility

0.91 ± 0.16

33.886

< 0.001

1.62 (0.92, 2.33)

n = 10 adult, n = 13 old

Sperm velocity

-0.77 ± 2.08

0.136

0.712

0.22 (-0.44, 0.90)

n = 10 adult, n = 10 old