Table 2 Coefficients of linear regression. Model constructed was mixed effect type with degree of pigmentation (corrected for wing size) being the response variable and “Species” (D. biarmipes and D. suzukii), “Temperature” treatments (18 °C, 23 °C, and 28 °C) as fixed effects. “Iso-female line number” and number of replicates per isofemale lines (sample replicates) and right and left wing measurements (symmetry) were random effects. Coefficients represented are for the most basal but complex model. All fixed effect terms in the basal model were found to be significantly important in predicting wing pigmentation (see Supplementary Table 1), hence were retained in the model. Thus, species and temperature influenced the wing pigmentation. Species and temperature also interact with each other and hence wing pigmentation differs across two species as well as within a species across temperatures. Fixed effect coefficients are estimates, standard error (SE), degrees of freedom (df). t-statistic, and p-value. Random effect coefficients are variance and standard deviation

From: Wing spot in a tropical and a temperate drosophilid: C = C enrichment and conserved thermal response