Fig. 4

Influence of spatial grain on diversity-environment associations in Kenya’s montane small mammal communities. The figure illustrates how the strength of diversity‒environment relationships, as quantified by Akaike’s information criterion (a) and adjusted R² (b), varies with changes in spatial grain. Each point’s size represents the spatial grain size (x-axis), with the diversity indices displayed on the y-axis. The smoother lines were derived from generalized linear regression models and are used to highlight trends across spatial grains