Table 1 Samples included in the analyses, with information on the sampling locality, coordinates in decimal degrees (Datum: WGS 84), altitude, haplotype and group coding, and sex

BDA1

Italy: Bocchin dell'Aseo

44.1745 N 7.7926 E

2295

V1

Peripheral

Female

BDA3

Italy: Bocchin dell'Aseo

44.1745 N 7.7926 E

2295

V1

Peripheral

Female

BDA4

Italy: Bocchin dell'Aseo

44.1745 N 7.7926 E

2295

V1

Peripheral

Female

BDA5

Italy: Bocchin dell'Aseo

44.1745 N 7.7926 E

2295

V1

Peripheral

Female

CC1

Italy: Colle della Ciriegia

44.1418 N 7.2831 E

2543

V2

Argentera-Mercantour

Female

CC2

Italy: Colle della Ciriegia

44.1418 N 7.2831 E

2543

V3

Argentera-Mercantour

Female

CC3

Italy: Colle della Ciriegia

44.1418 N 7.2831 E

2543

V4

Argentera-Mercantour

Female

CC5

Italy: Colle della Ciriegia

44.1418 N 7.2831 E

2543

V5

Argentera-Mercantour

Female

CDC2

France: Col de la Cayolle

44.2625 N 6.7323 E

2459

V6

Cottian

Juvenile

CDC5

France: Col de la Cayolle

44.2625 N 6.7323 E

2459

V6

Cottian

Juvenile

CDC6

France: Col de la Cayolle

44.2625 N 6.7323 E

2459

V6

Cottian

Female

CDC7

France: Col de la Cayolle

44.2625 N 6.7323 E

2459

V7

Cottian

Female

CM1

France: Col de Mallemort

44.4749 N 6.8532 E

2560

V8

Cottian

Female

CM2

France: Col de Mallemort

44.4749 N 6.8532 E

2560

V8

Cottian

Female

CM4

France: Col de Mallemort

44.4749 N 6.8532 E

2560

V8

Cottian

Female

CM6

France: Col de Mallemort

44.4749 N 6.8532 E

2560

V8

Cottian

Juvenile

CV2

France: Col de Vars

44.5345 N 6.6894 E

2355

V9

Cottian

Female

CV3

France: Col de Vars

44.5345 N 6.6894 E

2355

V9

Cottian

Male

CV4

France: Col de Vars

44.5345 N 6.6894 E

2355

V9

Cottian

Juvenile

CV5

France: Col de Vars

44.5345 N 6.6886 E

2376

V9

Cottian

Female

GSL1

France: Grande Séolane

44.3318 N 6.5520 E

2520

V10

Peripheral

Juvenile

GSL3

France: Grande Séolane

44.3335 N 6.5512 E

2547

V11

Peripheral

Juvenile

GSL4

France: Grande Séolane

44.3335 N 6.5512 E

2547

V11

Peripheral

Juvenile

GSL5

France: Grande Séolane

44.3335 N 6.5512 E

2547

V10

Peripheral

Female

MBG1

France: Mont Bégo

44.0806 N 7.4459 E

2617

V12

Peripheral

Female

MBG2

France: Mont Bégo

44.0806 N 7.4459 E

2617

V12

Peripheral

Female

MBG3

France: Mont Bégo

44.0806 N 7.4459 E

2617

V12

Peripheral

Female

MBJ1

France: Mont Bégo Bas

44.0811 N 7.4477 E

2565

V13

Peripheral

Juvenile

OS1

Italy: Oserot

44.4052 N 6.9770 E

2500

V8

Cottian

Female

OS2

Italy: Oserot

44.4052 N 6.9770 E

2508

V8

Cottian

Juvenile

OS5

Italy: Oserot

44.4052 N 6.9770 E

2508

V14

Cottian

Juvenile

OS6

Italy: Oserot

44.4052 N 6.9770 E

2508

V8

Cottian

Juvenile

PSA1

Italy: Passo Sant'Anna

44.2220 N 7.0957 E

2396

V11

Peripheral

Female

PSA2

Italy: Passo Sant'Anna

44.2220 N 7.0957 E

2396

V11

Peripheral

Male

PSA3

Italy: Passo Sant'Anna

44.2224 N 7.0951 E

2394

V11

Peripheral

Female

PSA5

Italy: Passo Sant'Anna

44.2220 N 7.09572 E

2396

V11

Peripheral

Female

SL1

France: Serrière de la Lombarde

44.1982 N 7.1604 E

2337

V11

Peripheral

Female

SL2

France: Serrière de la Lombarde

44.1982 N 7.1604 E

2337

V11

Peripheral

Female

SL3

France: Serrière de la Lombarde

44.1982 N 7.1604 E

2337

V11

Peripheral

Female

SL4

France: Serrière de la Lombarde

44.1982 N 7.1604 E

2337

V11

Peripheral

Female

VAG1

France: Vallon de l'Agnel

44.1240 N 7.4527 E

2350

V15

Peripheral

Female

VAG2

France: Vallon de l'Agnel

44.1240 N 7.4527 E

2350

V15

Peripheral

Female

VAG4

France: Vallon de l'Agnel

44.1240 N 7.4527 E

2350

V15

Peripheral

Juvenile

VAG5

France: Vallon de l'Agnel

44.1240 N 7.4527 E

2350

V15

Peripheral

Female

VDC1

Italy: Vallone del Chiapous

44.1769 N 7.3263 E

2307

V16

Argentera-Mercantour

Female

VDC2

Italy: Vallone del Chiapous

44.1769 N 7.3266 E

2318

V17

Argentera-Mercantour

Female

VDC3

Italy: Vallone del Chiapous

44.1783 N 7.3227 E

2324

V18

Argentera-Mercantour

Male

VDC6

Italy: Vallone del Chiapous

44.1769 N 7.3263 E

2307

V18

Argentera-Mercantour

Female