Fig. 4

Box plot comparing male courtship latency for all the study species. Courtship is divided into: (1) pre-mounting courtship (distal courtship, before mounting the female’s ventral abdomen close to the epigine, in light grey), and (2) post-mounting courtship (proximal courtship, after mounting the female’s venter and before achieving the first copulation, in dark grey). Different letters above columns indicate significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among species based on Mann Whitney’s post-hoc tests (Supplementary material). Boxplots show medians (centre line), range between the first and third quartiles (box), and the maximum and minimum values (whiskers)