Fig. 4

Alignment of leader-follower during tandem running. The schematic of tandem pair alignment has been shown in the upper panel where a solid ‘yellow circle’ on the followers indicates the antennal restriction, and the light grey lines on the ants are considered as the body axis. The angle between the follower’s body-axis with the leader’s body axis is marked as θ₁ in the case of both antennae-impaired, θ₂ and θ₃ in left and right single antennae-impaired and θ₄ in no manipulation. Comparison of alignment angle of individual tandem pairs where followers have both- (n = 15), single- (n = 16) or no-antennae (n = 15) impairment. The different letters above the boxes indicate significant difference between treatment and control relocations (GLM, cut off value p < 0.05)