Table 2 Comparison of divergence times (in millions of years, Ma) of major clades in Galliformes between different studies
This study | Wang et al. 2017 [10] | Stein et al. 2015 [38] | Jetz et al. 2012 [41] | Jarvis et al. 2014 [3] | Prum et al. 2015 with Vegavis [5] | Claramunt and Cracraft 2015 [42] | Kuhl et al. 2020 [6] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anas + Gallus | 82.1, 69.5–96.5 | 74.5, 70.4–79.3 | 97.8 | 79.7, 70.5–88.5 | 65.8, 54.0–74.1 | 72.4, 68.3–77.6 | 72.5, 68–79.5 | 62.5, 57–65 |
Crown Galliformes | 71.7, 60.1–84.2 | 66.8, 61.9–71.8 | 95.9, 83.8–108.3 | 62.0, 47.0–74.1 | 60.9, 47.8–73.0 | 58, 47.5–68 | 55.9, 49–61 | |
Crown Megapodiidae | 24.3, 18.4–30.8 | 19, 15.3–22.8 | 29.5 | 38.1, 23.6–53.2 | ||||
Cracidae-Sister clade | 62.4, 52.0–73.7 | 61.1, 56.5–66.1 | 86.4, 75.7–98.7 | 55.7, 40.7–68.0 | ||||
Crown Cracidae | 13.3, 10.4–16.7 | 8.7, 6.7–11.1 | 21.4, 18.8–24.1 | 14.6, 9.1–16.7 | ||||
Numididae-Sister clade | 41.3, 35.4–47.8 | 44.9, 41.6–48.7 | 56.8, 49.4–64.5 | 33.3, 20.6–45.5 | ||||
Crown Numididae | 10.6, 7.2–14.0 | 11.8, 9.5–14.5 | 17.6 | 15.2, 7.4–22.2 | ||||
Odontophoridae-Phasianidae | 39.9, 34.0–45.9 | 42.8, 39.7–46.4 | 53.6,46.7–61.1 | 31.1, 17.8–42.1 | ||||
Crown Odontophoridae | 35.2, 29.5–41.2 | 39.6, 36.1–43.3 | 45.2 | 29.5, 16.8–40.7 | ||||
Crown Phasianidae | 35.4, 30.3–40.6 | 36, 33.6–38.9 | 46.4, 40.6–52.9 | 25.0, 13.8–35.2 | 27, 10.5–45 | |||
Core odontophorid | 19.4, 15.7–23.3 | 20.3, 17.3–23.4 | 27.8 | 23.4, 11.4–33.9 | ||||
Core phasianids | 31.5, 27.2–36.2 | 31.9, 30.1–34.0 | 42 | 23.6, 13.2–32.9 |