Your privacy, your choice

We use essential cookies to make sure the site can function. We also use optional cookies for advertising, personalisation of content, usage analysis, and social media, as well as to allow video information to be shared for both marketing, analytics and editorial purposes.

By accepting optional cookies, you consent to the processing of your personal data - including transfers to third parties. Some third parties are outside of the European Economic Area, with varying standards of data protection.

See our privacy policy for more information on the use of your personal data.

for further information and to change your choices.
Skip to main content
BMC is moving to Springer Nature Link. Visit this journal in its new home.

Table 1 Catalysed synthesis of nucleic acid components and precursors from formamide

From: Formamide as the main building block in the origin of nucleic acids

 

Pyrimidines

Imidazoles

Purines

Catalyst\Product

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Silica

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

+

-

+

-

-

Alumina

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

+++++

-

+

-

-

Kaolin

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+++++

-

-

-

-

Zeolite

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

+++++

-

+

-

-

CaCO3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+++++

-

-

-

-

KP-10 Claya

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

+++

-

-

-

++

++++

+++

++

-

+

K-30 Claya

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

+++

-

-

-

++++

+

++++

++++

-

-

KSF Claya

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

+++

-

-

++++

+++

++++

+

+++

-

+

Al-PILC Claya

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

+++

-

-

+++

+

+++

+

+

-

+

TiO2

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

+

+

-

-

-

+++

+++

++

+

-

MgFeSiO4

+

-

-

-

++

+

-

-

+++

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Mg1.5Fe0.5SiO4

+

-

-

-

++

-

-

-

++++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Mg0.5Fe1.5SiO4

-

-

-

-

+++++

+

-

-

+++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Fe2SiO4

+

-

-

-

+++++

+

-

-

+++++

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Mg2SiO4

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Na3PO4

+

+

++

-

-

+

-

-

++++

-

-

-

-

+++

-

-

-

-

Na4P2O7

-

+

+

-

-

+

-

+

+++

-

-

-

-

++

-

+

-

+

Na5P3O9

-

+

++

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Turquoisec

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

++

-

-

-

-

++

-

-

-

-

Childrenitec

+

-

+++++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Ludlamitec

-

-

+++++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Vivianitec

+

-

++++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Vauxitec

-

-

++++

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Lazulitec

-

-

+++

-

-

+

-

-

+

-

+

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Hureaulitec

-

+

-

-

-

+

-

-

++

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Augelitec

-

-

+++

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Wavellitec

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

Libethenitec

-

+

+

-

-

+

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Pyromorphitec

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

  1. a: Montmorillonite clays, b: Cosmic Dust Analogues, c: phosphate minerals. Data from [22] for the syntheses catalyzed by silica, alumina, kaolin, zeolites, and CaCO3; from [23] for TiO2; from [24] for clays and from [25] for olivines; from [26] for the soluble and mineral phosphates, as listed; mg of product per gram of formamide. +: 0.1–5.0 mg; ++: 5–10 mg; +++: 10–20 mg; ++++: 20–40 mg; +++++: >40 mg. Products are: 1 = Urea; 2 = Carbodiimide; 3 = N-Formylglycine; 4 = Hydroxypyrimidine; 5 = 4(3H)-Pyrimidinone; 6 = Uracil; 7 = 5-Hydroxymethyluracil; 8 = Dihydroxyuracil; 9 = Cytosine; 10 = Thymine; 11 = Parabanic acid; 12 = AICA: 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide; 13 = fAICA: 5-Formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide; 14 = Purine; 15 = N9-formylpurine; 16 = Adenine; 17 = N9, N6-Diformyladenine; 18 = Hypoxanthine.
Back to article page

BMC Ecology and Evolution

ISSN: 2730-7182

Contact us