Table 3 χ2-test of geographical association of clades and inferences of biological causes for association for the different clades for a) 16S rDNA and b) ITS-1. The inferences were obtained following the newest version of the inference key given in Templeton (1998).
a) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Clade | χ2 | p-value | Inference |
Haplotypes nested in 1–8 | 9.000 | 0.008 | Long distance colonisation of MVR from MVS |
Haplotypes nested in 1–10 | 12.000 | 0.002 | Past fragmentation between PTV and CDE |
Clades nested in 2–3 | 68.000 | <0.001 | Long distance colonization of STB from Albion area |
Clades nested in 2–4 | 9.000 | 0.008 | Past fragmentation between PTV and STV |
Clades nested in 2–7 | 11.700 | 0.043 | Restricted gene-flow with isolation by distance between populations on the Causse de Larzac |
Clades nested in 2–8 | 15.000 | <0.001 | Long distance colonisation of MUN from SHZ |
Clades nested in 3–2 | 46.384 | <0.001 | Continuous range expansion with subsequent fragmentation in the Albion area |
Clades nested in 3–3 | 3.111 | 0.308 | No geographical association of clades |
Clades nested in 3–4 | 20.000 | <0.001 | Range expansion of southern German populations to ESS, but impossible to discriminate between contiguous range expansion and long distance dispersal |
Clades nested in 4–1 | 42.000 | <0.001 | Past fragmentation between LUB and all other Provence populations, confirmed by longer than average mutational connection |
Clades nested in 4–2 | 34.000 | <0.001 | Range expansion, but impossible to discriminate between contiguous range expansion and long distance dispersal from LAR to northern areas |
Clades in entire cladogram | 77.000 | <0.001 | Range expansion from Provence to Causse de Larzac |
b) | |||
Clade | χ2 | p-value | Inference |
Haplotypes nested in 1–2 | 46.000 | <0.001 | Isolation by distance among Provence populations except LUB |
Haplotypes nested in 1–4 | 20.000 | <0.001 | Inadequate sampling design to discriminate between fragmentation, range expansion or isolation by distance among German populations |
Clades nested in 2–1 | 52.000 | <0.001 | Past fragmentation of LUB from the rest of the Provence populations |
Clades nested in 2–2 | 34.000 | <0.000 | Range expansion from the Causse de Larzac to Germany |
Total cladogram | 86.000 | <0.001 | Contiguous range expansion from Provence to the Causse de Larzac |